| scientific name,
popular name and local name |
area of distribution |
habitat |
status and particular
details |
| Resident-
and breeding birds |
| Falco sparverius
caribaearum American Kestrel Killy-killy (local) |
AM for the species
WI for the subspecies |
dry woodlands, not
too dense |
though fairly common
in its range, it appears on the list of Appendex II of CITES; scarce in
SM; probably too much shot;observed in August 1996 at the lower eastern
slope of Sentry Hill; recent breeding reported from Billy Folly area (Boekhout,
pers.comm. 1996) |
| Columba leucocephala
White-crowned Pigeon |
WI |
midlevel and lowland
woodlands, fields and around towns |
uncommon breeding
resident in the Greater Antilles, St.Croix and nothern Lesser Antilles;
is a casual visitor south of Antigua; may once have occurred throughout
the Eastern Caribbean, however in many areas it has been hunted to near
extinction; very scarce in SM, but still existing (Vliegen, pers.comm. 1996) |
| Columba squamosa
Red-necked Pigeon Pigeon, Blue Pigeon (local) |
WI, Aruba, Bonaire,
Curaçao, Los Testigos and Los Frailes |
rainforest, but also
drier lowland woodland |
commonly hunted in
all islands and has probably become rare in many regions for that reason;
interinsular flights suspected; according to Voous too eagerly hunted and
nests robbed in SM and therefore scarce, but would be less hunted today
(Vliegen and Boekhout, pers.comm. 1996) |
| Zenaida aurita
aurita Zenaida Dove Dove, Mountain Dove (local) |
WI for the species
LA for the subspecies |
lowland dry woodland
and adjacent open counrty, sometimes rainforest or along busy streets among
buildings |
according to Voous
locally rather scarce in SM, where excessively shot and numbers reduced
by predation by mongoose; today less hunted (Vliegen and Boekhout,
pers.comm. 1996); occurs in lowlands and low hills; most numerous in arid
scrub; observed in August 1996 near Oyster Pond |
| Columbigallina
passerina nigrirostris Common Ground Dove Ground Dove
(local) |
AM for the species
LA and Virgin Islands for the subspecies |
lowland open country
and woodland |
common and widespread
throughout the Eastern Caribbean, also in SM, where it occurs in xerophytic
vegetation, along roadsides and in gardens; seen in August 1996 |
| Sericotes holosericeus
holosericeus Green-throated Carib Doctorbird (local) |
LA and Virgin Islands
(species and subspecies) |
lowland dry woodland,
gardens, cultivated areas, sometimes open areas in mountain regions |
only species of endemic
genus of the LA and Virgin Islands; common in its range; numbers have declined
dramatically in SM after hurricane Luis, but the species is still present;
there are some recent sight records (Vliegen, pers.comm.1996); over-sea
flights recorded in the past |
| Orthorhyncus
cristatus exilios Antillean Crested Hummingbird Docter
bird (local) |
LA, Virgin Islands
and Tobago for the species LA and Virgin Islands for the subspecies |
all habitats from
sea level to the tops of the highest mountains |
only species of endemic
genus of LA, Virgin Islands and Tobago; one of the commonest birds of the
Eastern Caribbean; appears on Appendix II of CITES; numbers have declined
dramatically in SM after hurricane Luis, but the species is still present;
there are some recent sight-records (Vliegen, pers.comm.1996); possibly
makes also over-sea flights |
| Elaenia martinica
riisii Caribbean Eleania Whistler, Cheery-cheer (local) |
WI for the species
SM, SE, Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao for the subspecies |
all habitats, except
dense rainforest |
commonest of flycatchers
in the region; common in SM, but more often heard than seen |
| Tyrannus dominicensis
dominicensis Grey Kingbird Chincherry (local) |
WI (species and subspecies)
|
open land |
conspicuous, migrating;numbers
vary in SM, probably by the temporary presence of migrants from other parts
of its range; in August 1996 observed at the S.top of Marigot Hill |
| Progne dominicensis
Caribbean Martin Gale Bird (local) |
WI |
towns, open country
and along sea-cliffs |
mainly summer visitor;
it spends the winter in S.America; some remain through the year; rather
common in its range; in the past nesting recorded in SM in a cave at Mohay
Bay; usually nests in small colonies |
| Margarops fuscatus
fuscatus Pearly-eyed Thrasher Thrush (local) |
WI for the species
range of subspecies is not available |
rainforest, but also
secundary wooded vegetation and adjacent to tree plantations |
genus endemic to WI;
more often noticed by its call than seen; in August 1996 observed near Oyster
Pond |
| Vireo antiloquus
barbadensis Black-whiskered Vireo |
WI for the species
range of the subspecies is not available |
most wooded habitats
from sea level to mountain rainforest, but dry scrub woodland is preferred
|
widespread in the
E.Caribbean, but uncommon in the Virgin Islands, SA and SM; birds from the
northern part of its range are migratory and seem to winter in S.America;
few sight records from SM |
| Dendroica petechia
bartholemica Yellow Warbler Goldfinch, Canary, Banana bird
(local) |
AM for the species
N.LA for the subspecies |
lowland dry scrub
woodland and coastal mangrove swamp |
common species in
its range; in SM almost restricted to rhizophore mangrove and littoral vegetation
of sea grape |
| Coereba flaveola
bartholemica Bananaquit |
AM for the species
N.LA for the subspecies Yellowbreast (local) |
all kinds of habitat
|
one of the commonest
and widely distributed birds in the Caribbean; abundant in secondary vegetation,
gardens and plantations; often very tame; in August'96 observed near Oyster
Pond; common near houses in SM (Wilson, pers.comm.1996) |
| Loxigilla noctis
ridgewayi Lesser Antillean Bullfinch Robin, Sparrow, Cheechee
bird (local) |
LA and Virgin Islands
for the species northernmost arid islands for the subspecies |
all habitats from
sea level to mountain top; secondary vegetation, gardens along the forest
edge and scrubbery are preferred |
one of the commonest
birds of the LA ; also common in SM; visits feeding places (Wilson, pers.comm.
1996) |
| Tiaris bicolor
omissa Black-faced Grassquit Cheechee bird (local) |
AM (species and subspecies)
|
open grassland, ticket,
scrub and gardens, also waste ground along roadsides or field margins |
abundant and widely
distributed in its range; common in SM |
| Quiscalus lugubris
guadeloupensis Caribbean or Lesser Antillean Crackle Blackbird
(local) |
AM for the species
LA for the subspecies |
open grassland |
roosts and nests colonially;
first recorded in 1970-1971; all records from Marigot and some miles around
(French side); introduced by man or on its own force; conspicious; often
occurring in small flocks |
| Podilymbus podiceps
antillarum Pied-billed Grebe |
AM for the species
WI for the subspecies |
shallow fresh water
|
uncommon breeding
bird in the Eastern Caribbean; has suffered from local hunting and loss
of fresh water habitat; nesting recorded in Fresh Pond; apparently only
present when water level in lagoons is high |
| Puffinus lherminieri
lherminieri Audubon's Shearwater Wedrego (local) |
WO for the species
WI for the subspecies and sea cliffs |
tropical seas; breeding
habitat mainly small off-shore islets and breeding places at night only;
|
not easily seen from
ashore, mostly far out at sea and visiting coastal water birds and eggs
are exploited by man: its status is of special concern; recorded from SM;
breeding suspected on Tintamarre Island, Pelican Key, and other isolated
islets and keys off SM; not observed on Pelican Key in August 1996 |
| Phaeton aethereus
mesonauta Red-billed Tropicbird Tropic (local) |
WO (species and subspecies)
|
tropical seas, sea-cliffs
for breeding |
Caribbean populations
small, but probably stable; its conservation status needs to be monitored;
breeding almost confined to the East Caribbean; different breeding sites
known from SM: Pelican Key, Maho Bay, and probably also Mary's Point; other
nesting sites are: seaward cliff of Point Blanche, Molly Beday and Hens
and Chickens; estimated by Voous at much less than 20 breeding pairs; not
observed in August 1996 |
| Phaeton lepturus
catesbyi White-tailed or Yellow-billed Tropicbird Tropic (local)
|
WO for the species
WI for the subspecies |
tropical seas; seacliffs
for breeding |
most numerous where
its range does not overlap that of P.aetherius; Caribbean breeding
populations decclined and are now 1/2 of what was estimated in the eighties:
main reason is coastal development and loss of nesting sites; breeding recorded
on SM in seacave east of Maho Bay; probably also at Mary's Point; estimated
at 15 pairs at least; not observed in August 1996 |
| Pelecanus occidentalis
occidentalis Brown Pelican Pelican (local) |
AM for the species
WI for the subspecies |
coastal seas; mangrove
swamp for breeding |
uncommon visitor to
most of the LA; extremely sensitive to human disturbance of breeding sites;
habitat loss and hunting also have played a part in its decline over the
last couple of decades; its status is of special concern; in SM regularly
seen all year round along coasts and bays; numbers of 50 birds may gather
on dams in the Great Salt Pond; traditional breeding colony on Pelican Key,
where nesting in low bushes; in August 1996 a group of 30 birds and 3 nests,
each with 3 eggs was observed here (Boekhout pers.comm.); another breeding
colony on Green Key consisted of 50 pairs in 1981; breeding activity also
on Molly Beday |
| Nyctanassa violacea
bancrofti Yellow-crowned Night Heron Heron, Nightheron (local) |
AM (species and subspecies)
|
mangrove swamp and
along coast |
most common where
there are extensive areas of mangrove swamp; rather scarce in SM; most certainly
breeding |
| Butorides striatus
virescens Green, Striated Heron or Green-backed Heron Gaulin,
Little Gaulin, Pond Bird (local) |
WO for the species
AM for the subspecies |
wide range of habitats,
particularly swamps and along lakes, ponds and streams |
one of the commonest
herons in the E.Caribbean rather common in SM; most certainly breeding;
recently observed in Fresh Pond |
| Bubulcus ibis
Cattle egret Cowbird (local) |
WO |
around grazing animals,
roosting in mangrove swamp and coastal islets for breeding |
invaders from Africa
in the Caribbean; very irregular in numbers; in 1973 first recorded breeding
in SM (at the French side); breeding also recorded along the Bush road at
Fresh Pond; in August 1996 also observed at Fresh Pond |
| Anas bahamensis
bahamensis Blue-winged Teal White-throat, White-cheek (local)
|
AM (species and subspecies)
|
inland bays and lagoons,
salt ponds, fresh water pools and low places flooded after rain |
casual visitor in
the LA; Voous calls it a probably occasional breeding bird based on few
definite records; recently several nests observed in mangrove trees at Fresh
Pond, also observed at Little Bay Pond |
| Gallinula chloropus
cercerus Common Gallinule, Moorhen |
WO for the species
WI for the subspecies |
fresh water marshes,
ponds and pools |
common resident throughout
the E. Caribbean; several records of nesting in Fresh Pond; sight records
from Little Bay Cocconut Groove Lagoon and Salt Pond; recent sight records
from Fresh Pond |
| Fulica americana
caribaea American Coot |
AM and Hawaï
Islands for the species WI for the subspecies |
fresh water pools
and ponds |
uncommon resident
in the E.Carribean; have declined greatly in numbers due to loss of habitat
and over-hunting breeding recorded at Fresh Pond; also observed in Salt
Pond; recently observed in Fresh Pond |
| Haematopus palliatus
palliatus American Oystercatcher Whelk-cracker (local) |
WO (species and subspecies)
|
rocky coasts, reef
walls, sand beaches and dunes |
absent in the LA,
except in SM; probably breeding bird here; different records from coasts
and rocky keys; some birds may be winter visitors |
| Himantopus himantopus
mexicanus Black-winged Stilt Flamingo (local) |
WO for the species
AM for the subspecies |
quiet lagoons and
muddy shores of shallow inland bays and salt pans |
breeding in the N.W.I.;
observed in all months of the year; apart from breeding bird, may be migrant
or winter visitor; nests found in Orient Bay Ponds (French) |
| Charadrius wilsonia
cinnamominus Thick-billed or Wilson's Plover Pond Bird (local) |
AM (species and subspecies)
|
muddy shores of quit
lagoons behind mangroves, walls of coal shingle, sand flats, pebbles and
coal debris, stone dams |
common resident breeder
in the E.Car. and Virgin Islands; in SM rather common; mainly breeding summer
visitor; in winter migrants; recorded from Burgeaux Bay |
| Charadrius alexandrinus
nivosus Snowy Plover Pond bird (local) |
WO for the species
AM for the subspecies |
shores and dams of
salt pans, and mud flats of dried up lagoons |
breeds in the LA only
on SM; uncommon; probably mainly breeding summer visitor; recorded from
Orient Bay and Simpsom Bay |
| Catoptrophorus
semipalmatus semipalmatus Willet |
AM (species and subspecies)
|
lagoons, saliñas,
shallow waters and mud flats behind mangroves |
Possible breeder in
SM; numerous records suggests breeding; in some years not uncommon |
| Larus atricilla
Laughing Gull Laughing bird, Davy (local) |
AM |
temperate and warm
coasts |
breeds throughout
the E.Caribbean in small colonies; mainly breeding summer visitor in SM;
breeding colony on Pelican Key, where ca 100 pairs were present in 1959;
in August 1996 ca 90 birds counted here, among them many young ones; may
breed on other islets as well; flocks of 50-200 non-breeding and young birds
gather in quit lagoons, such as Fresh Pond and Fish Pond; very scarce winter
visitor |
| Sterna dougallii
dougallii Roseate Tern |
WO for the species
AM for the subspecies |
temperate and tropical
coasts |
some 20-25 breeding
colonies in the WI, mainly restricted to the Eastern Caribbean
counting a few breeding pairs each; this is a species of special concern
with regards to conservation priority; breeding colony of 10 pairs on Castle
Rock, Baie de L'Embouchure and another with at least 14 nests on rocky islands
near Green Key, some miles north of Castle Rock; also observed in Philipsburg;
sometimes passage migrant |
| Sterna anaethetus
recognita (=S.a.melanoptera in Halewyn
en Norton) Bridled Tern Egg bird (local) |
WO for the species
WI for the subspecies |
offshore zone |
rather common breeder
in the Caribbean; almost certainly nesting at Pelican Key
where originally confused with Sooty Tern; in 1959 150 birds present there
together with an igual number of Sooty Terns; definitely found nesting among
colony of Roseate Terns on Castle Rock; in August 1996 probably observed
on Molly Beday in fairly large numbers |
| Sterna fuscata
fuscata Sooty Tern Egg bird (local) |
WO for the species
AM for the subspecies |
oceans; seacliffs
and remote islets for breeding |
most numerous breeding
seabird species in the Caribbean, but egg collecting is a serious threat;
different Caribbean populations have declined; its status needs to be monitored;
no definite breeding records from SM, but young found once long ago; may
breed on Pelican Key; ca 150 birds present there in 1959 |
| Sterna albifrons
antillarum Least Tern Spratt gull (local) |
WO (species and subspecies)
|
temperate and tropical
sea coasts, wide rivers and arid often alkaline plains |
breeding in the WI,
but mainly concentrated in the LA; its status needs to be monitored; common
along the coast of SM; nest on coral shingle and sand flats; at least 4
or 5 colonies of 5-10 pairs each known, but doubtless more are unrecorded;
in autumn birds may be migrants of elsewhere |
| Anous stolidus
stolidus Common or Brown Noddy Blackbird, Catbird (local) |
WO for the species
WI for the subspecies |
oceans and coastal
waters |
second most numerous
seabird nesting throughout the E.Caribbean; experiences egg collecting;
nests in a variety of habitats, but disturbance may drive these birds to
less suitable nesting habitats; colonies of 30-50 pairs each on rock ledges
of Point Blanche and in crevices of Pelican Key, probably also on Molly
Beday; in August 1996 seen on and around Molly Beday |
| scientific
name, popular name and local name |
area
of distribution |
habitat |
status
and particular details |
| Migrants,
visitors and non-breeding Seabirds |
| Circus
cyaneus Hen Harrier, Marsh Hawk |
WO |
|
casual
or accidental visitor in the E. Caribbean; few records from SM; appears
on list of Appendix II of CITES |
| Buteo
jamaicensis Red-tailed Hawk Chicken Hawk (local) |
AM |
wide range
of habitats, particularly mountaneous ones |
considered
a chicken thief, but probably unbased; too much shot in SM and now apparently
extinct as a breeding bird; may be an occasional winter visitor; not observed
in August 1996 |
| Falco
columbarius Merlin |
WO |
during
migration any habitat from sea level to mountain top |
regular
passage migrant and winter visitor in the Virgin Islands and N.LA; further
south only a casual visitor; appears on list of Appendix II of CITES; usually
hunts over open lagoons after plovers and other small waders; recorded in
SM |
| Falco
peregrinus Peregrine Falcon |
WO |
during
migration any habitat, including rainforest |
regular,
though rare winter visitor throughout the E.Caribbean; appears on list of
Appendix I of CITES; recorded in SM |
| Pandion
haliaetus Osprey Fish Hawk (local) |
WO |
all kinds
of sea coasts, lagoons and inland bays |
numbers
have declined, but still a rare thougt regular winter visitor; species of
Appendix II list of CITES; recorded from SM; apparently observed all year
round |
| Sula
leucogaster Brown Booby Booby (local) |
WO |
tropical
seas; flat rocky islands and atolls, steep outlying rocks and cays as breeding
places |
commonest
booby in the WI, but breeding colonies have declined considerable; its status
needs to be monitored; regular, though scarce visitor along all coasts of
SM; suspected nesting on keys off SM and half-way St.Barts, but these small
rocky islands may be roosting places mainly; in 1972 ca 100 birds on Table
Rock; largest nr. recorded at sea 5-10 |
| Phalacrocorax
spec. Cormorant |
? |
? |
only one
record from SM |
| Fregata
magnificens Magnificent Frigatebird Hurricane bird (local) |
WO |
along
tropical coasts and bays; mangrove swamp for breeding and steep rocks for
roosting |
common
appearance throughout the WI , but few known breeding sites; breeding colonies
should be fully protected; would breed on pelican Key and Molly Beday; in
August 1996 8 birds seen sitting on and flying over Molly Beday |
| Nycticorax
nycticorax Black-crowned Night Heron |
WO |
lagoons
and other waters, bordered by trees or shrub |
mainly
nocturnal; casual visitor to most of the LA; recorded from French SM |
| Egretta
caerulea Little Blue Heron Water Gaulin (local) |
AM |
almost
any habitat from damp pasture at sea level to montane swamp or stream; fresh
or brackish water is preferred |
commonly
observed in the E. Caribbean; recorded in SM in all seasons of the year;
solitary or in small loose parties |
| Egretta
tricolor Tricolored or Louisiana Heron |
AM |
mangrove
fringed lagoons |
casual
visitor in the LA; generally wary and shy ; recorded from SM, solitary and
in small parties |
| Egretta
refuscens Reddish Egret |
AM |
saline
lagoons, inland bays and reef walls |
outside
breeding season throughout the WI, but uncommon; caual visitor or straggler
in SM |
| Egretta
thula Snowy Egret Egret (local) |
AM |
shallow
water; mangrove swamp or shrubland for breeding |
for the
most LA a rare, but regular migrant or winter visitor; recorded in all seasons
of the year in SM; largest number recorded 30 in Fish Pond; recently observed
in Fresh Pond and Little Bay Pond |
| Egretta
alba Great White Egret |
WO |
extensive
lagoons and quiet bays in the shelter of mangroves |
in most
of the LA uncommun though regular visitor; few records from SM; recently
observed in Fresh Pond and Little Bay Pond |
| Ardea
herodias Great Blue Heron Blue Heron (local) |
AM |
extensive
lagoons, sometimes small mountain lakes |
regular
autumn and winter visitor to the E.Caribbean, also in SM, usually solitary |
| Platalea
ajaja Roseate Spoonbill |
AM |
coastal
swamps and mangroves |
accidental
occurrence in the Virgin Islands and N.LA; one record from SM at Simpson
Bay Lagoon |
| Phoenicopterus
ruber Greater or Caribbean Flamingo |
WO |
saline
habitats |
breeding
colonies have been decimated for centuries by man in search of eggs, young
and adults for food; some breeding colonies are protected; casual visitor
or straggler in SM |
| Anas
americana American Wigeon, Baldpate |
AM |
fresh
water pools, flooded plains and deep lagoons |
casual
winter visitor in the WI; once recorded from SM |
| Anas
acuta Northern Pintail |
WO |
fresh
water pools |
casual
winter visitor; one record from SM |
| Anas
discors Blue-winged Teal |
AM |
fresh
water pools and shallow lagoons behind mangroves on rains and shooting pressure;
largest number recorded 60 at Guana Bay; one |
common
passage migrant and winter visitor in the E.Caribbean; of irregular occurence
in SM, apparently depending |
| Porzana
porzana Spotted Crake |
Europe
|
? European
species in America |
record
from SM, the only one of this |
| Porzana
carolina Sora Rail |
AM |
fresh
water pools, manchioneel tickets and mangroves |
winter
visitor in the E.Caribbean; observed in Fresh Pond and Great Bay |
| Charadrius
semipalmatus Semipalmated Plover Pond Bird, Ring Neck (local) |
AM |
muddy
shores of quit lagoons, walls of coral shingle, flats of sand, pebbles or
coral debris and stone walls separating salt pans |
not so
common in the LA; recorded in SM in all months of the year; largest number
seen 60 at Flamingo Pond |
| Charadrius
vociferus Killdeer Soldier bird, Pond bird (local) |
AM |
warm and
tropical coastal and inland arid habitats |
besides
SM, rare transient migrant in the E.Caribbean; numerous records from SM |
| Charadrius
collaris Collared Plover |
AM |
sand flats
and savannahs, sand banks and gravel bars in rivers |
rare vagrant
in the LA; recorded from SM |
| Pluvialis
dominica Lesser Golden Plover |
WO |
tundras;
mud flats and shores with fresh water, brackish lagoons, flat flooded country |
regular
passage migrant throughout the E.Caribbean; records from Castle Rock, SM |
| Pluvialis
squatarola Grey Plover, Black-bellied Plover Soldier Bird (local) |
WO |
arid tundras;
mud flats and shores, lagoons, salt pans, open grasslands and tidal pools
|
some birds
remain in the tropics throughout the year; recorded in SM in all months
of the year; largest number seen 50-100 in flocks |
| Calidris
alba Sanderling |
WO |
arid tundras;
sand beaches, saline mud flats |
passage
migrant and winter visitor in SM |
| Calidris
pusilla Semipalmated Sandpiper Pond Bird (local) |
AM |
tundras;
muddy shores of lagoons, flooded plains and rain pools |
visitor,
recorded in SM in all months of the year |
| Calidris
mauri Western Sandpiper Pond Bird (local) |
AM |
tundras;
muddy and sandy shores and salt pans |
apparently
most numerous in the migration periods |
| Calidris
minutilla Least Sandpiper Pond Bird (local) |
AM |
same and
fresh water pools |
visitor,
recorded in all months of the year, often mixed with other waders |
| Calidris
fuscicollis White-rumped Sandpiper Pond Bird (local) |
AM |
same |
passage
migrant; different reords from SM |
| Calidris
melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper Pond Bird (local) |
WO |
same |
same |
| Micropalama
himantopus Stilt sandpiper Pond Bird (local) |
AM |
same |
passage
migrant and winter visitor, usually in pairs or flocks up to 70 birds |
| Gallinago
gallinago Common Snipe Snipe (local) |
WO |
dense
marsh vegetation, shore of fresh water pools, flats and flooded grassland,
mud shores behind mangroves |
same;
not uncommon |
| Limnodromus
griseus Short-billed Dowitcher Pond Bird, Lesser Snipe (local) |
AM |
boggy
tundras; saline lagoons and mud flats |
same;
uncommon, in small numbers |
| Numenius
phaeopus Whimbrel Curlew (local) |
WO |
bogs and
marshy tundras; saline lagoons and mud flats, salt pans, sand beaches and
reef walls |
passage
migrant; most observations of Fish and Fresh Pond |
| Tringa
melanoleuca Greater Yellowlegs Pond Bird (local) |
AM |
tundras;
along salt and fresh water |
visitor;
recorded throughout the year; largest number recorded 25 |
| Tringa
flavipes Lesser Yellowlegs Pond Bird (local) |
AM |
same |
visitor;
one of the commonest transient waders; largest number recorded 40 |
| Tringa
solitaria Solitary Sandpiper Pond Bird (local) |
AM |
swampy
forests; along edges of fresh water pools and protected shallow waters behind
Mangroves |
passage
migrant and winter visitor; few records from SM |
| Actitis
macularis Spotted Sandpiper Tip-up, Dipper, Weather bird (local) |
AM |
all kinds
of fresh water habitats |
adundant
transient and winter visitor in the WI; recorded in SM |
| Arenaria
interpres Ruddy Turnstone Pond Bird (local) |
WO |
all kinds
of rocky coasts |
usually
seen in autumn or spring, migrating in the E.Caribbean; numerous records
from SM; common on rocky coasts and muddy shores of lagoons; largest number
seen 50-100 |
| Larus
delawarensis Ring-billed gull |
AM |
seas and
coasts |
winter
visitor; different records |
| Larus
fuscus Lesser black-backed gull |
WO |
seas and
coasts |
casual
winter visitor; in Fresh pond and Great Bay |
| Larus
argentatus Herring gull |
WO |
seas and
coasts |
occasional
winter visitor; few sight records from SM |
| Gelochelidon
nilotica Gull-billed Tern |
WO |
coasts,
harbours, lagoons, fresh water ponds |
passage
migrant; one record from SM |
| Sterna
maxima Royal Tern Sea gull (local) |
WO WO
|
warm and
tropical coasts |
may be
seen at any time of the year throughout the E.Caribbean, however breeding
colonies are few and small here; its status needs to be monitored recorded
in all months of the year in SM, solitary or in flocks up to 25 |
| Sterna
sandwicensis Sandwich Tern |
WO |
coasts
and bays |
some breeding
sites in the Caribbean were abandoned in this century; needs protection;
mainly summer visitor; recorded from SM; probably seen on Molly Beday in
August 1996 |
| Sterna
hirundo Common Tern |
WO |
coastal
seas, harbours, inland bays, saliñas, salt pans |
passage
migrant and winter visitor; different records from SM; its status needs
to be monitored |
| Coccyzus
americanus Yellow-billed Cuckoo |
AM |
lowland
dry scrub woodland |
relatively
uncommon passage migrant or winter vistor in most of the LA; only recorded
in 1974 in SM |
| Coccyzus
minor Mangrove Cuckoo |
AM |
mangrove
and dry scrub woodland |
distributed
in low densities in the E. Caribbean; casual visitor in SM |
| Caprimulgus
carolinensis Chuck-will's-widow Owl (local) |
AM |
dry forests
|
winter
visitor; few records from SM |
| Chordeiles
minor Common Nighthawk |
AM |
? |
ocasional
winter visitor; few records from SM |
| Ceryle
alcyon Belted Kingfisher |
AM |
bays and
seashores, lowland rivers, lakes and lagoons |
passage
migrant and winter visitor in the Caribbean; not uncommon in SM; |
| Sphyrapicus
varius Yellow-bellied Sapsucker |
AM |
boreal
and mountain forests |
occasional
winter visitor; one sight record from SM |
| Muscivora
tyrannus Fork-tailed Flycatcher |
AM |
? |
casual
visitor from S.America; one record from SM |
| Hirundo
rustica Barn Swallow Christmas bird (local) |
WO |
lowland
open country, roadsides |
common
passage migrant and winter visitor in the E.Caribbean; many records from
SM |
| Mniotilta
varia Black-and -white Warbler |
AM |
deciduous
and coniferous woodlands |
regular
passage migrant and winter visitor in the E.Caribbean; different sight records
from SM |
| Parula
americana Northern Parula Warbler |
AM |
swampy
woodlands |
regular
and fairly common passage migrant and winter visitor in the E.Caribbean;
not uncommon in SM, but numbers varying each year |
| Dendroica
discolor Prairie Warbler |
AM |
bush and
scrub |
uncommon
wintervisitor, probably not present each year in SM |
| Dendroica
tigrina Cape May Warbler |
AM |
spruce
forests |
winter
visitor ; one record from SM |
| Dendroica
striata Blackpoll warber |
AM |
dwarfed,
spruce and fir forests xerophytic scrub and cactus vegetation, plantations
and gardens |
passage
migrant; once recorded from SM in small numbers |
| Setophaga
ruticila American Redstart |
AM |
open,
mainly deciduous forests |
regular
passaage migrant and winter visitor in the E.Caribbean; rather numerous
in some years, almost absent in others |
| Seiurus
aurocapillus Ovenbird |
AM |
dry woodland,
shrubbery and swamp edge |
winter
visitor; one record from SM |
| Seiurus
noveboracensis Northern waterthrush |
AM |
wooded
swamps; shores of all kinds of fresh waters |
regular
passage migrant and winter in SM |
| Seiurus
motacilla Louisiana Watertrush |
AM |
fresh
water habitats |
uncommon
winter resident in the WI; one record from SM |
| Oporornis
agilis Connecticut Warbler |
AM |
dense
underbrush in open swampy forests |
passage
migrant; one record from SM |
| Piranga
olivacea Scarlet Tanager |
AM |
woodlands
|
accidental
in the E.Caribbean; few records from SM |
| Dolichonyx
oryzivorus Bobolink |
AM |
open fields,
roadsides, mangroves |
passage
migrant; few records from SM |
| Ameiva
pleei Ground Lizard |
LA: SM,
Anguilla, St.Barts and their satellites |
dry scrub
and woodland, shores, and garbage dumps |
diurnal;
ubiquitous in habits; prey for Falco sparverius; in August 1996 seen
at different locations |
| Mabuya
mabouya mabouya Skink |
AM (species
and subspecies) |
primarily
xerophlic, but at times more mesic situations |
feeds
on insects; often around houses; exceptionally 'tame'; considered rare in
most of the Caribbean islands; not seen in August 1996 |
| Anolis
wattsi pogus Tree Lizard |
LA for
the species SM for the subspecies extinct in Anguilla, formerly possibly
occurring in St.Barts |
xeric
scrub, wooded ravines, mesic forest including rainforest, plantations, beaches,
stone walls, buildings |
has a
clumped occurrence in SM; probably owes much of its present abundance in
the areas where it survives directly to man: stone walls seem surely to
be its preferred habitat; estimated range with habitable pockets (about
16) in SM at 22 square kilometers; in 1992 a population was found at the
N.shore of Great salt Pond at sea level; in August 1996 observed at the
E.slope of Sentry Hill and the N.slope of Billy Folly Hill |
| Anolis
gingivinus Tree Lizard |
LA: SM,
Anguilla, St.Barts and their satellites |
mesophilic
to xerophilic; coastal shrub, dry woodland, plantations and gardens |
diurnal,
ubiquitous in habits, abundant and infradispersed throughout the land areas;
preys upon young and adult Anolis wattsi pogus and itself prey for
Margarops fuscatus; in August 1996 observed at many locations among
others Bèlair and Almond Groove |
| Iguana
iguana Green Iguana, Common Iguana |
AM |
all kind
of habitats from xeric to mesic |
occurred
formerly in SM sympatric with Iguana delicatissima, but original
population seems to be exterminated due to extensive hunting by humans;
however there are different sight records from the area near the airport
(Klein, Schrijver and Vliegen, pers.comm.1996); it is nearby sure that these
iguanas escaped from a crate at Flamingo Pond; appears on Appendix II list
of CITES |
| Hemidactylus
mabouia Common Gecko, Mabouya |
WO |
buildings,
open rocky areas |
active
at night; introduced from Africa; frequently encountered in houses |
| Sphaerodactylus
macrolepis parvus |
WI for
the species LA: SM, Anguilla, St.Barts and some of their satellites for
the subspecies |
mesophilic
to xerophilic, sometimes buildings |
under
boulders and dry leafs; active at night, sometimes at dusk or even
diurnal; on map in Schwartz and Henderson (1991) in Lowlands only; not observed
in August 1996 |
| Sphaerodactylus
sputator |
LA: islands
of theAnguilla- bank and St.Kitts-bank |
mesophilic
|
recorded
on the slope of a hill near the sea; on map in Schwartz and Henderson (1991)
in Lowlands, at the French side and on Pelican Key; not observed in August
1996 |
| Alsophis
rijersmai Grass-snake (local-Vliegen) |
LA: SM,
Anguilla and St. Kitts |
mesophilic;
rainforest, along forest edge, rock-strewn areas at forest edge or in forest,
gardens and heavily disturbed areas |
diurnal;
not uncommon in mongoose- free Anguilla and St.Barts; supposed to be exterminated
in SM due to to mongoose predation, but 5 snakes were caught at Mary's Fancy
in 1992; also observed on Flagstaf Hill in 1996 (Ecovision); in the past
recorded from Cul de Sac |
| Chelonia
midas Green turtle appears on list of Appendix I |
WO. |
oceans;
shallow water with sea grass beds; large open beaches for nesting |
endangered;
numbers have declined very much because of exploitation by humans; of CITES;
few nesting reords from SM; up to recently this turtle has been regularly
encountered in the sea around SM (Vliegen, pers. comm.1996) |
| Eretmochylys
imbricata Hawksbill |
WO |
tropical
oceans, coral reefs and rocky coasts; small quit beaches for nesting |
highly
endangered; numbers have declined worldwide; appears on list of Appendix
I of CITES; not very abundant in SM; only a few nesting records |
| Caretta
caretta Loggerhead |
WO |
tropical
and subtropical oceans; subtropical continental beaches |
appears
on list of Appendix I of CITES; present in the sea around SM, but rarely
encountered; not any report of nesting |
| Dermochelys
coriacea Leatherback |
WO |
tropical,
temperate and sub- arctic seas and oceans, nesting in tropical areas only
|
lives
in open sea; appears on list of Appendix I of CITES; rarely encountered
in the sea around SM; nesting extremely uncommon in the past, but recorded
from Maho Beach and the beach of Simpson Bay in 1997 (Wilson, pers.comm.) |